鶴見教育工学研究所

baseballrパッケージによる大谷翔平選手の投球データの可視化

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RでMLBのMVPプレイヤーのホームラン時の投球コースと球種を可視化するという記事がありました。自分でも、教材を作る際にbaseballrパッケージで大谷翔平選手の投球データ (2023年) を取得して、可視化したのを思い出して、コードだけ掲載します。

ライブラリの読み込みなど

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library(tidyverse)
library(lubridate)
library(scales)
library(ggthemes)
options(dplyr.width = Inf, scipen = 1, digits = 4)
theme_set(theme_fivethirtyeight(base_family = "Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN", base_size = 14))
theme_update(axis.title = element_text(), plot.title = element_text(size = 14))
library(baseballr)
library(khroma)
library(ggrepel)

データの取得

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ohtani_pitch <- statcast_search_pitchers(start_date="2023-01-01", end_date="2023-12-31", pitcherid="660271")
ohtani_pitch <- ohtani_pitch |>
    mutate(pitch_type = fct_infreq(pitch_type)) |>
    mutate(pitch_type = fct_recode(pitch_type, "n/a" = ""))

head(ohtani_pitch)

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## # A tibble: 6 × 113
##   pitch_type game_date  release_speed release_pos_x release_pos_z player_name   
##   <fct>      <date>             <dbl>         <dbl>         <dbl> <chr>         
## 1 FF         2023-08-23          94.2         -1.98          5.78 Ohtani, Shohei
## 2 ST         2023-08-23          76.1         -2.01          5.74 Ohtani, Shohei
## 3 ST         2023-08-23          77.2         -2.05          5.6  Ohtani, Shohei
## 4 FS         2023-08-23          90.1         -1.94          5.69 Ohtani, Shohei
## 5 FS         2023-08-23          90           -1.83          5.76 Ohtani, Shohei
## 6 ST         2023-08-23          79.8         -2.17          5.7  Ohtani, Shohei
##   batter pitcher events      description     spin_dir spin_rate_deprecated
##    <dbl>   <dbl> <chr>       <chr>           <lgl>    <lgl>               
## 1 687952  660271 ""          foul            NA       NA                  
## 2 687952  660271 ""          swinging_strike NA       NA                  
## 3 687952  660271 ""          swinging_strike NA       NA                  
## 4 687952  660271 ""          ball            NA       NA                  
## 5 687952  660271 ""          blocked_ball    NA       NA                  
## 6 458015  660271 "field_out" hit_into_play   NA       NA                  
##   break_angle_deprecated break_length_deprecated  zone
##   <lgl>                  <lgl>                   <dbl>
## 1 NA                     NA                          5
## 2 NA                     NA                         14
## 3 NA                     NA                          6
## 4 NA                     NA                         14
## 5 NA                     NA                         14
## 6 NA                     NA                         11
##   des                                                                           
##   <chr>                                                                         
## 1 Christian Encarnacion-Strand grounds into a double play, third baseman Eduard…
## 2 Christian Encarnacion-Strand grounds into a double play, third baseman Eduard…
## 3 Christian Encarnacion-Strand grounds into a double play, third baseman Eduard…
## 4 Christian Encarnacion-Strand grounds into a double play, third baseman Eduard…
## 5 Christian Encarnacion-Strand grounds into a double play, third baseman Eduard…
## 6 Joey Votto pops out to shortstop Andrew Velazquez.                            
##   game_type stand p_throws home_team away_team type  hit_location bb_type balls
##   <chr>     <chr> <chr>    <chr>     <chr>     <chr>        <int> <chr>   <int>
## 1 R         R     R        LAA       CIN       S               NA ""          2
## 2 R         R     R        LAA       CIN       S               NA ""          2
## 3 R         R     R        LAA       CIN       S               NA ""          2
## 4 R         R     R        LAA       CIN       B               NA ""          1
## 5 R         R     R        LAA       CIN       B               NA ""          0
## 6 R         L     R        LAA       CIN       X                6 "popup"     0
##   strikes game_year pfx_x pfx_z plate_x plate_z on_3b on_2b  on_1b outs_when_up
##     <int>     <int> <dbl> <dbl>   <dbl>   <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>  <dbl>        <int>
## 1       2      2023 -0.61  1.05   -0.11    2.14    NA    NA 668715            1
## 2       1      2023  1.2   0.09    0.89    2.39    NA    NA 668715            1
## 3       0      2023  0.75  0.55    0.8     2.11    NA    NA 668715            1
## 4       0      2023 -1.41  0.58    0.59    1.01    NA    NA 668715            1
## 5       0      2023 -1.36  0.72    1.29    0.18    NA    NA 668715            1
## 6       0      2023  0.25  1.12   -1.03    2.98    NA    NA 668715            0
##   inning inning_topbot  hc_x  hc_y tfs_deprecated tfs_zulu_deprecated umpire
##    <dbl> <chr>         <dbl> <dbl> <lgl>          <lgl>               <lgl> 
## 1      2 Top            NA     NA  NA             NA                  NA    
## 2      2 Top            NA     NA  NA             NA                  NA    
## 3      2 Top            NA     NA  NA             NA                  NA    
## 4      2 Top            NA     NA  NA             NA                  NA    
## 5      2 Top            NA     NA  NA             NA                  NA    
## 6      2 Top            98.3  137. NA             NA                  NA    
##   sv_id   vx0   vy0     vz0     ax    ay    az sz_top sz_bot hit_distance_sc
##   <lgl> <dbl> <dbl>   <dbl>  <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>  <dbl>  <dbl>           <dbl>
## 1 NA     6.27 -137. -6.07    -9.09  33.0 -17.8   3.36   1.55             211
## 2 NA     3.93 -111.  0.0236   8.87  24.1 -31.8   3.36   1.55              NA
## 3 NA     4.74 -112. -1.35     5.24  23.7 -27.5   3.36   1.55              NA
## 4 NA     9.37 -131. -6.85   -18.2   29.7 -24.2   3.39   1.53              NA
## 5 NA    10.7  -130. -9.45   -17.7   27.0 -22.1   3.49   1.53              NA
## 6 NA     2.05 -116. -1.32     1.90  22.6 -22.1   3.4    1.6              175
##   launch_speed launch_angle effective_speed release_spin_rate release_extension
##          <dbl>        <dbl>           <dbl>             <dbl>             <dbl>
## 1         73.8           32            94.6              2289               6.8
## 2         NA             NA            75.7              1217               6.5
## 3         NA             NA            77.2              2188               6.7
## 4         NA             NA            90.5              1000               6.9
## 5         NA             NA            90.8              1045               7  
## 6         75.3           61            80.2              2191               6.6
##   game_pk fielder_2 fielder_3 fielder_4 fielder_5 fielder_6 fielder_7 fielder_8
##     <dbl>     <dbl>     <dbl>     <dbl>     <dbl>     <dbl>     <dbl>     <dbl>
## 1  716890    681351    592273    650859    500871    623205    545341    666160
## 2  716890    681351    592273    650859    500871    623205    545341    666160
## 3  716890    681351    592273    650859    500871    623205    545341    666160
## 4  716890    681351    592273    650859    500871    623205    545341    666160
## 5  716890    681351    592273    650859    500871    623205    545341    666160
## 6  716890    681351    592273    650859    500871    623205    545341    666160
##   fielder_9 release_pos_y estimated_ba_using_speedangle
##       <dbl>         <dbl>                         <dbl>
## 1    592669          53.6                        NA    
## 2    592669          54.0                        NA    
## 3    592669          53.8                        NA    
## 4    592669          53.6                        NA    
## 5    592669          53.5                        NA    
## 6    592669          53.9                         0.017
##   estimated_woba_using_speedangle woba_value woba_denom babip_value iso_value
##                             <dbl>      <dbl>      <int>       <int>     <int>
## 1                          NA             NA         NA          NA        NA
## 2                          NA             NA         NA          NA        NA
## 3                          NA             NA         NA          NA        NA
## 4                          NA             NA         NA          NA        NA
## 5                          NA             NA         NA          NA        NA
## 6                           0.015          0          1           0         0
##   launch_speed_angle at_bat_number pitch_number pitch_name      home_score
##                <int>         <dbl>        <dbl> <chr>                <dbl>
## 1                 NA            11            5 4-Seam Fastball          2
## 2                 NA            11            4 Sweeper                  2
## 3                 NA            11            3 Sweeper                  2
## 4                 NA            11            2 Split-Finger             2
## 5                 NA            11            1 Split-Finger             2
## 6                  3            10            1 Sweeper                  2
##   away_score bat_score fld_score post_away_score post_home_score post_bat_score
##        <dbl>     <dbl>     <dbl>           <dbl>           <dbl>          <dbl>
## 1          0         0         2               0               2              0
## 2          0         0         2               0               2              0
## 3          0         0         2               0               2              0
## 4          0         0         2               0               2              0
## 5          0         0         2               0               2              0
## 6          0         0         2               0               2              0
##   post_fld_score if_fielding_alignment of_fielding_alignment spin_axis
##            <dbl> <chr>                 <chr>                     <dbl>
## 1              2 Standard              Standard                    204
## 2              2 Standard              Standard                     65
## 3              2 Standard              Standard                     69
## 4              2 Standard              Standard                    317
## 5              2 Standard              Standard                    191
## 6              2 Standard              Standard                    105
##   delta_home_win_exp delta_run_exp bat_speed swing_length
##                <dbl>         <dbl> <lgl>     <lgl>       
## 1              0             0     NA        NA          
## 2              0            -0.064 NA        NA          
## 3              0            -0.072 NA        NA          
## 4              0             0.063 NA        NA          
## 5              0             0.042 NA        NA          
## 6              0.036        -0.361 NA        NA          
##   estimated_slg_using_speedangle delta_pitcher_run_exp hyper_speed
##                            <dbl>                 <dbl>       <dbl>
## 1                         NA                     0              88
## 2                         NA                     0.064          NA
## 3                         NA                     0.072          NA
## 4                         NA                    -0.063          NA
## 5                         NA                    -0.042          NA
## 6                          0.019                 0.361          88
##   home_score_diff bat_score_diff home_win_exp bat_win_exp age_pit_legacy
##             <int>          <int>        <dbl>       <dbl>          <int>
## 1               2             -2        0.703       0.297             28
## 2               2             -2        0.703       0.297             28
## 3               2             -2        0.703       0.297             28
## 4               2             -2        0.703       0.297             28
## 5               2             -2        0.703       0.297             28
## 6               2             -2        0.667       0.333             28
##   age_bat_legacy age_pit age_bat n_thruorder_pitcher
##            <int>   <int>   <int>               <int>
## 1             23      29      24                   1
## 2             23      29      24                   1
## 3             23      29      24                   1
## 4             23      29      24                   1
## 5             23      29      24                   1
## 6             39      29      40                   1
##   n_priorpa_thisgame_player_at_bat pitcher_days_since_prev_game
##                              <int>                        <int>
## 1                                0                           14
## 2                                0                           14
## 3                                0                           14
## 4                                0                           14
## 5                                0                           14
## 6                                0                           14
##   batter_days_since_prev_game pitcher_days_until_next_game
##                         <int>                        <int>
## 1                           1                           NA
## 2                           1                           NA
## 3                           1                           NA
## 4                           1                           NA
## 5                           1                           NA
## 6                           1                           NA
##   batter_days_until_next_game api_break_z_with_gravity api_break_x_arm
##                         <int>                    <dbl>           <dbl>
## 1                           0                     1.54            0.61
## 2                           0                     3.93           -1.2 
## 3                           0                     3.33           -0.75
## 4                           0                     2.27            1.41
## 5                           0                     2.11            1.36
## 6                          18                     2.47           -0.25
##   api_break_x_batter_in arm_angle
##                   <dbl>     <dbl>
## 1                  0.61      36.7
## 2                 -1.2       33.4
## 3                 -0.75      34  
## 4                  1.41      37.6
## 5                  1.36      34.8
## 6                  0.25      33.1

球速の分布

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ggplot(ohtani_pitch, aes(x = effective_speed)) +
    geom_histogram(fill = fivethirtyeight_pal()(1), colour = "white") +
    labs(title = "大谷翔平投手の投球速度の分布 (2023年)", x = "球速 (マイル)", y = "度数")

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ggplot(ohtani_pitch, aes(x = effective_speed, y = pitch_type, fill = pitch_type)) +
    stat_boxplot(geom = "errorbar") +
    geom_boxplot() +
#    scale_fill_light() +
    labs(title = "大谷翔平投手の球種別の投球速度分布 (2023年)", x = "球速 (マイル)", y = "")

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ggplot(ohtani_pitch, aes(x = effective_speed, y = pitch_type, fill = pitch_type)) +
    geom_violin() +
    scale_fill_light() +
    labs(title = "大谷翔平投手の球種別の投球速度分布 (2023年)", x = "球速 (マイル)", y = "")

球種別投球数

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ggplot(ohtani_pitch, aes(x = pitch_type)) +
    geom_bar(fill = colour("light")(length(levels(ohtani_pitch$pitch_type)))) +
    labs(title = "大谷翔平投手の球種別投球数 (2023年)", x = "球種", y = "度数")

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ohtani_pitch_percentage <- ohtani_pitch |>
    group_by(pitch_type) |>
    summarise(prop = n() / nrow(ohtani_pitch)) |>
    mutate(labels = percent(prop), csum = rev(cumsum(rev(prop))), 
         pos = prop/2 + lead(csum, 1), pos = if_else(is.na(pos), prop/2, pos)) |>
    arrange(desc(prop))

ggplot(ohtani_pitch_percentage, aes(x = "", y = prop, fill = pitch_type)) +
    geom_col(colour = "black") +
    geom_label_repel(aes(y = pos, label = labels), size = 4.5, nudge_x = 0.7, show.legend = FALSE) +
    coord_polar(theta = "y", direction = -1) +
    scale_fill_light() +
    labs(title = "大谷翔平投手の球種別投球数 (2023年)", x = "球種", y = "度数", fill = "球種") +
    theme(axis.text = element_blank(), axis.ticks = element_blank(), axis.title = element_blank(), panel.grid.major = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor = element_blank())

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ggplot(ohtani_pitch_percentage, aes(x = prop, y = "", fill = pitch_type)) +
    geom_bar(position = position_fill(), stat = "identity") +
    geom_label_repel(aes(x = pos, label = labels), size = 4.5, nudge_y = 0.6, show.legend = FALSE) +
    scale_fill_light() +
    scale_x_reverse() +
    labs(title = "大谷翔平投手の球種別投球数 (2023年)", x = "球種", y = "度数", fill = "球種")

投球マップ

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ohtani_pitch_position <- ohtani_pitch |>
    select(plate_x, plate_z, pitch_type) |>
    mutate(plate_x = plate_x * 30.48, plate_z = plate_z * 30.48)

ggplot(ohtani_pitch_position, aes(x = plate_x, y = plate_z, colour = pitch_type)) +
    annotate(geom = "rect", xmin = -28, xmax = 28, ymin = 40, ymax = 105, fill = "black", alpha = 0.3) +
    geom_point(alpha = 0.4, size = 2) +
    scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(-150, 120, by = 30)) +
    scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(-30, 200, by = 30)) +
    labs(title = "大谷翔平投手の投球マップ (2023年)", x = "", y = "")